Paediatric brain tumours are the most common solid malignancies in children and remain a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite major advances in neurosurgery, neuro-oncology, and molecular diagnostics, outcomes vary widely across regions. Children in high-income countries (HICs) now experience five-year survival rates exceeding 70–85%, while those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to face significantly poorer outcomes, often due to delayed diagnosis, limited access to specialized care, and incomplete treatment.