Scientific Sessions

Stroke and cerebrovascular diseases are serious medical conditions that occur when the blood flow to the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This interruption can result from a blockage in a blood vessel (ischemic stroke) or from the rupture of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), often called “mini-strokes,” are temporary episodes of reduced blood flow that serve as warning signs for future strokes. Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking, high cholesterol, and sedentary lifestyle, though genetic predispositions can also play a role. The severity of a stroke depends on the region of the brain affected and the duration of blood flow disruption, with symptoms ranging from weakness and paralysis to impaired speech, vision problems, and cognitive decline.

The consequences of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases extend far beyond the immediate event, often leaving survivors with long-term disabilities that require extensive rehabilitation. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy play critical roles in helping patients regain independence and improve quality of life. Preventive measures, such as maintaining healthy blood pressure, controlling diabetes, exercising regularly, and adopting a balanced diet, are essential in reducing risk. Advances in medical treatment, such as clot-busting drugs, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and improved imaging technologies, have significantly enhanced outcomes when patients receive timely care. However, public awareness and rapid response remain vital, as early recognition of stroke symptoms through the “FAST” approach (Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency) can save lives and minimize brain damage. With global aging populations, tackling stroke and cerebrovascular diseases through prevention, education, and advanced treatment strategies remains a pressing healthcare priority.