Scientific Sessions

Sleep disorders in neurology encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the brain’s regulation of sleep and wakefulness, often leading to impaired rest, daytime fatigue, and reduced cognitive or physical performance. Common neurological sleep disorders include insomnia, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome (RLS), circadian rhythm disturbances, and parasomnias such as sleepwalking or REM sleep behavior disorder. Obstructive sleep apnea, although primarily a respiratory condition, is also closely linked to neurological consequences, including memory deficits and increased risk of stroke. Many of these disorders result from imbalances in neurotransmitters, disruptions in brain circuits controlling sleep, or underlying neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, or Alzheimer’s disease. Diagnosis typically involves sleep studies (polysomnography), neurological examinations, and patient sleep histories to identify underlying causes and severity.

Effective management of neurological sleep disorders depends on accurate diagnosis and a tailored treatment approach. Therapies may include medications such as stimulants for narcolepsy, dopamine agonists for RLS, or sedative-hypnotics for insomnia, alongside non-pharmacological strategies like cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), sleep hygiene education, and lifestyle adjustments. In cases like sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices are often prescribed to improve breathing and prevent secondary complications. Research in sleep neurology is expanding rapidly, exploring how poor sleep contributes to neurodegeneration, psychiatric illness, and reduced overall brain health. As sleep plays a fundamental role in memory consolidation, emotional regulation, and recovery, addressing sleep disorders is essential not only for improving rest but also for enhancing long-term neurological well-being and overall quality of life.